A turn coordinator instrument indicates which aspects of flight?

The turn coordinator is designed specifically to provide information regarding the aircraft's rate of turn and coordination of turns. It effectively indicates both roll and yaw, which are critical during turns. The instrument uses a gyroscope to sense the aircraft's orientation and displays the rate at which the aircraft is turning relative to a predefined standard, helping pilots to maintain a coordinated flight path.

In a turn, roll refers to the airplane's banking angle, which enables it to change direction. Yaw, on the other hand, describes the horizontal rotation around the vertical axis, indicating how much the nose of the airplane is turned left or right. The turn coordinator combines these two aspects—roll and yaw—allowing pilots to visualize and interpret the aircraft's attitude during turning maneuvers, ensuring safe and effective handling.

This functionality does not include aspects such as pitch or altitude, which would require different instruments, nor does it provide information about vertical speed or heading in the way that other instruments would.